Research Workbench

The TRAVERSE trial found testosterone-replacement therapy to be non-inferior to placebo for major cardiovascular events in men with hypogonadism.

Study showing increased cardiovascular events in older men receiving testosterone therapy.

Comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism.

American Urological Association guidelines for evaluation and treatment of testosterone deficiency.

Establishes harmonized reference ranges for testosterone levels across different assay methods.

Population-based study finding no increased risk of prostate cancer with testosterone therapy.

Meta-analysis showing minimal effect of testosterone on PSA and prostate volume.

Meta-analysis finding no association between testosterone levels and prostate cancer risk.

Pooled analysis of RCTs examining prostate safety with testosterone therapy.

Review examining the relationship between testosterone therapy and prostate cancer.

Comprehensive review of erythrocytosis as a side effect of testosterone therapy.

Review of the relationship between testosterone therapy and sleep apnea.

Review of the interplay between testosterone therapy, sleep apnea, and polycythemia.

Study identifying incidence and risk factors for erythrocytosis during testosterone therapy.

Perspective on management of erythrocytosis with phlebotomy in testosterone therapy.

Meta-analysis showing improvements in erectile function with testosterone therapy.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of testosterone effects on depression.

Meta-analysis of 30 RCTs examining cardiovascular and mortality outcomes with testosterone.

Comprehensive trials examining effects of testosterone on sexual function, vitality, and physical function.

Meta-analysis of testosterone effects on sexual function using IIEF scores.

RCT showing testosterone increases volumetric BMD and estimated bone strength in older men.

Study examining the effect of testosterone treatment on fracture risk in hypogonadal men.

Meta-analysis showing testosterone therapy increases BMD in hypogonadal men.

Narrative review of testosterone's role in male bone health.

Study showing adverse cardiovascular effects of supraphysiologic AAS use.

Review of cardiovascular risks associated with anabolic steroid use.

Study examining cardiovascular status in users of illicit anabolic steroids.

Review of how anabolic steroids affect cardiovascular outcomes.

Review of mechanisms by which AAS can damage cardiac tissue.

Review of hepatotoxicity associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use.

Case report documenting peliosis hepatis following anabolic steroid use.

Case series of liver injury induced by anabolic steroid use.

17α-alkylated steroids cause hepatotoxicity in 50-80% of users, with ALT/AST elevations typically 2-5x normal range.

Case of peliosis hepatis following prolonged androgen therapy.

Study examining recovery of sperm production after testosterone therapy cessation.

Review of strategies for managing infertility caused by anabolic steroid use.

Review of how exogenous androgens suppress male fertility.

Clinical guide for managing azoospermia following anabolic steroid use.

Cautionary review of testosterone therapy use in men seeking fertility.

RCT comparing enclomiphene to testosterone gel, showing fertility preservation.

Study showing enclomiphene increases testosterone while preserving spermatogenesis.

Study of enclomiphene efficacy in secondary hypogonadism.

Study showing low-dose hCG preserves intratesticular testosterone during suppression.

Study examining dose-response of hCG on intratesticular testosterone.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of clomiphene citrate for male hypogonadism.

Narrative review of clomiphene use in hypogonadism and infertility.

Randomized trial of tamoxifen for male infertility.

Study of hCG monotherapy for male hypogonadism.

Comparative analysis of pharmacological treatments for male infertility.

Study examining time course and determinants of spermatogenesis recovery after testosterone-induced suppression.

Study identifying factors predicting recovery of spermatogenesis after testosterone-induced azoospermia.

Retrospective study examining time to recovery of HPTA function after exogenous testosterone cessation.

Randomized trial comparing clomiphene citrate to testosterone gel, showing fertility preservation with clomiphene.

Study showing clomiphene effectively restores testosterone and LH after anabolic steroid cessation.

Study demonstrating tamoxifen effectiveness in stimulating testosterone production in hypogonadal men.

Long-term study showing enclomiphene maintains testosterone elevation and fertility preservation for up to 52 weeks.

Review comparing enclomiphene to racemic clomiphene, showing improved tolerability and equivalent efficacy.

Study showing concurrent hCG prevents testicular atrophy and maintains fertility during testosterone therapy.

Study identifying optimal hCG dosing protocols to maintain intratesticular testosterone during suppression.

Comparative study of SERMs showing similar efficacy with different side effect profiles.

Review comparing aromatase inhibitors to SERMs for testosterone restoration in hypogonadal men.

Study examining natural recovery timeline and factors affecting HPTA restoration after AAS cessation.

Study of combination SERM and hCG therapy for accelerating recovery from steroid-induced hypogonadism.

Comprehensive review of enclomiphene's mechanism as pure estrogen receptor antagonist and clinical efficacy.

Landmark study showing direct correlation between duration of AAS use and time to spermatogenic recovery.

Comparative study showing both hCG and clomiphene effective for HPTA recovery with different mechanisms.

Study demonstrating enclomiphene maintains normal sperm counts while increasing testosterone levels.

Comprehensive review of SERM mechanisms and applications in male reproductive medicine and PCT.

Head-to-head comparison of tamoxifen and clomiphene for post-cycle testosterone recovery protocols.

Study identifying key factors affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis recovery including age, duration, and compound type.

Comprehensive FDA review data for enclomiphene showing sustained testosterone elevation and fertility preservation.

Study showing 500 IU hCG 3x weekly maintains sperm production during concurrent testosterone therapy.

Protocol study showing combination therapy accelerates HPTA recovery compared to monotherapy approaches.

Current review of estrogen receptor antagonist use in managing male hypogonadism and facilitating PCT.

Phase II trial of enobosarm (ostarine) in cancer cachexia patients.

Phase I safety and pharmacokinetics study of LGD-4033 in healthy men.

Preclinical study of RAD140 selective androgen receptor modulator.

Preclinical evaluation of andarine (S-4) SARM.

Comprehensive review of SARMs mechanisms, clinical evidence, and safety risks.

Study examining effects of oral SARMs on HDL cholesterol function.

STEP-1 trial showing efficacy of semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight loss.

SURMOUNT-1 trial examining tirzepatide for weight management.

Direct comparison trial of tirzepatide versus semaglutide.

Study showing bimagrumab reduces fat mass while increasing lean mass in T2D and obesity.

Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of adult GH deficiency.

Study documenting increased tendon rupture risk in AAS users.

Study examining association between therapeutic testosterone and tendon tears.

Review of how anabolic-androgenic steroids affect tendon structure and function.

Study of how AAS combined with heavy strength training affects collagen metabolism.

Two-year data on finasteride 1 mg for male pattern hair loss.

Study of finasteride efficacy for frontal scalp hair loss.

Randomized trial comparing dutasteride to finasteride for AGA.

Study of lower-dose dutasteride for male pattern hair loss.

Classic review of 5-alpha reductase enzyme and its clinical significance.

Review on accurate testosterone measurement and harmonized reference ranges.

Study examining effects of testosterone on bone remodeling markers.

Commentary on clinical implications of testosterone therapy in older men.

Editorial discussing testosterone treatment effects on fractures in men.

Study examining how chronic AAS use affects lipid profiles.

Study of long-term endocrine and metabolic changes in anabolic steroid users.

Systematic review comparing clomiphene to other treatments for male infertility.

Study showing tamoxifen as adjunct therapy improves sperm retrieval in NOA.

Comprehensive overview of enclomiphene and evidence synthesis.

Comprehensive review of SARMs including mechanisms, clinical applications, and safety.